Santorum’s South Carolina Surge: Announces More Endorsements, Campaign Schedule for Weekend

Lots of news today for the Rick Santorum campaign, including three endorsements by South Carolina GOP leaders, Stephen Brown, Bill Connor, and Patrick Haddon. Brown had previously endorsed Michele Bachmann, and Haddon switched his endorsement from Rick Perry to Santorum.

The Santorum campaign also announced endorsements by Maggie Gallagher of the National Organization for Marriage and by pro-life activist Abby Johnson. The campaign released Senator Santorum’s schedule for the three-day weekend, which includes a noon candidate forum with Mike Huckabee today in Charleston, a Sunday “Faith & Freedom” prayer breakfast in Myrtle Beach, and Monday night’s Fox News debate, also in Myrtle Beach:

Saturday, January 14:

8:30am ET: Senator Santorum hosts a “Faith, Family and Freedom” Town Hall in Greenville, SC.
Location: Tommy’s Country Ham House
214 Rutherford Street
Greenville, SC

12:00pm ET: Senator Santorum will participate the “Huckabee Forum: South Carolina Undecided” in Charleston, SC.
Location: College of Charleston
Sottile Theatre
44 George Street
Charleston, SC

3:30pm ET: Senator Santorum will hold a volunteer rally at the Rick Santorum for President South Carolina Headquarters in Mt. Pleasant, SC.
Location: Rick Santorum for President South Carolina Headquarters
311 Johnnie Dodds Boulevard
Suite 141
Mt. Pleasant, SC

5:00pm ET: Senator Santorum will address the congregation at the Cathedral of Praise in Charleston, SC.
Location: Cathedral of Praise
3790 Ashley Phosphate Road
Charleston, SC

Sunday, January 15:

9:30am ET: Senator Santorum will address the Faith & Freedom/South Carolina Republican Party prayer breakfast in Myrtle Beach, SC.
Location: Sheraton Myrtle Beach Convention Center
Grand Ball Room
2101 North Oak Street
Myrtle Beach, SC

3:00pm ET: Senator Santorum will hold a “Faith, Family and Freedom” Town Hall in Florence, SC.
Location: Percy & Willies
2401 David H. McCloud Boulevard
Florence, SC

Monday, January 16:

9:30am ET: Senator Santorum will appear on the Laura Ingraham Nationally Syndicated Radio Show.

3:05pm ET: Senator Santorum will address the South Carolina Tea Party Convention in Myrtle Beach, SC.
Location: Springmaid Beach Resort
3200 South Ocean Boulevard
Myrtle Beach, SC

4:15pm ET: Senator Santorum will address the Faith & Freedom Coalition in Myrtle Beach, SC.
Location: Myrtle Beach Convention Center
2101 North Oak Street
Myrtle Beach, SC

9:00pm ET: Senator Santorum will participate in the FOX News Republican Presidential Debate in Myrtle Beach, SC.
Location: Myrtle Beach Convention Center
2101 North Oak Street
Myrtle Beach, SC

11:00pm ET: Senator Santorum will appear on “Hannity” on FOX News.

Can Mitt Be Stopped? ‘A Self-Fulfilling Prophecy of Romney Inevitability’

“The final tally in the New Hampshire primary showed Rick Santorum clinched fourth place and Newt Gingrich took fifth, according to the New Hampshire secretary of state.
“Throughout late Tuesday night and early [Wednesday] morning when the votes were tallied, Gingrich had been fourth, but Santorum overtook him, beating him by just 138 votes, with 23,174 votes for Gingrich and 23,312 for Santorum.”

— Boston Globe

On the phone with a friend this afternoon, we were talking about the Perry problem, which is beginning to depress me. Da Tech Guy is trying to be philosophical about it, but I’m getting discouraged, because it’s turning out as badly as I’d feared, and perhaps even worse. Frightening vibes of vindictive sadism are emanating from the Perry camp, and this is never a good sign.

Three days after Christmas, a CNN poll finally validated what I and others had been saying for weeks: Rick Santorum’s tireless campaigning in Iowa was producing a last-minute surge. And suddenly Santorum, who had spent months grousing about his relative lack of media coverage, was swarmed by reporters everywhere he went.

Almost as quickly, the Perrybots attacked. They had spent three weeks expecting that once Mitt Romney’s attack ads destroyed Gingrich in Iowa, the beneficiary would be The Only Candidate Who Could Beat Romney™ (as they had been marketing their guy since mid-summer). The fact that Iowa Republicans shifted instead to Santorum drove the Perrybots into unprecedented paroxysms of frothing rage.

What especially infuriated them was that the Perry campaign, which had been saturating Iowa with some $3 million of ads — including an ad that attacked both Gingrich and Romney — hadn’t anticipated Santorum’s December surge. So by the time it became apparent that Santorum was surging, it was too late for Perry to do anything more than hit Santorum with a last-minute radio ad, plus some cheap underhanded smear tactics like disseminating anonymous anti-Santorum flyers. (Which the Perry people then deviously tried to blame on Ron Paul’s campaign.)

Despite everything that the Perry campaign and its proxies could throw in at the last minute, however, Santorum came within eight votes of beating Romney in Iowa and, as I said to my friend on the phone today, “How much different would it have been if Erick Erickson hadn’t spent five days slamming Santorum at Red State? Couldn’t that have cost Santorum the votes he needed to beat Romney?”

Of course, the anti-Santorum messages didn’t stop after Iowa and this vengeful negativity from Perry’s people — as if Santorum unjustly deprived them of something that was rightly theirs — was not unnoticed, either by the Santorum campaign staff or by various journalists covering the campaign. A rather eminent pundit asked me last weekend in New Hampshire, “What the hell happened to Erickson?”

What is especially annoying about this is that, for all the harm inflicted on Santorum, they haven’t done Perry any good at all. He’s still down at the bottom of the GOP heap and, even if he gains ground in South Carolina now — as at least one anomalous poll suggests — all Perry can do is drain votes away from either Gingrich or Santorum, the two candidates with a plausible chance to beat Romney there.

So I was telling this to my friend, who has already joined the “Roll Over for Romney” camp, and explaining that I intend to fight as long as there is anything left to fight with, but was frustrated by the apparent determination of the Perry people that, if their guy can’t be the “Not Romney” alternative, then they’ll destroy whatever other “Not Romney” has a chance, just for the pure hateful spite of it.

It grieves me terribly to see such petulance from people I’ve long regarded as political allies, just as it embarrasses me to have to cite Bill Kristol (!) as an example of clear-thinking courage:

Thus Karl Rove in the Wall Street Journal last Thursday: If Romney, having beaten Santorum by all of eight votes in Iowa, wins in New Hampshire, where he has a summer home and has been campaigning for six years—well, then we should all just accept the inevitability of Romney. After all, then “Romney is 2-0.” And if he’s 2-0, by whatever margins and in states with 11 electoral votes—“he becomes the prohibitive favorite” for the nomination.
Really? Well, no. But the point [of Rove’s argument] is to convince Santorum supporters, and those of you who might consider becoming Santorum supporters, that he has no chance, so as to create a self-fulfilling prophecy of Romney inevitability. After all, “Mr. Santorum shouldn’t kid himself; he faces huge obstacles. . . . He hasn’t had to endure withering scrutiny but will shortly. His chief opponent has tremendous organizational and financial advantages and has been through the rigors of a presidential primary race.” Rove does note with gracious condescension, “Mr. Santorum has a shot, and that’s all he could have hoped for.”
Actually, Santorum can hope to win. He has been running to win. And after what he pulled off in Iowa, it’s foolish to suggest he doesn’t have a chance to win. His Iowa performance, and his speech Tuesday night, were impressive enough to suggest to primary voters in subsequent states that they should make an effort to judge both his capacity to win and his capacity to govern.

Exactly so. For a long time, Santorum’s critics said he seemed “whiny” or “sanctimonious,” but in the past few weeks, Santorum seems to have gained confidence and found his voice, and people are responding to his positive message. Unlike either Gingrich or Perry, Santorum never resorted to using “Occupy Wall Street” arguments against Mitt Romney. And Santorum’s ad have been optimistic and inspirational:

The Santorum campaign has said they’ll spend $1 million to spread that message in South Carolina, and there is reason to hope that, with a week to go — and two debates — before next Saturday’s vote, he can finally score a breakthrough win.

Despite my own pro-Santorum bias, however, I’d be OK if somehow Gingrich pulls ahead to beat Romney. If the point is to stop Romney from clinching in South Carolina, it doesn’t really matter who stops him. But there are only so many anti-Romney votes to go around, and every vote wasted on Perry (currently 20.9 points behind Romney in the RCP average of South Carolina polls) is in effect a vote for Romney.

Think about it: When the votes in South Carolina are counted on the night of Jan. 21, if Romney wins by a margin smaller than the vote total for Rick Perry, the supporters of Perry will have inadvertantly handed the nomination to the RINO they spent six months denouncing as unacceptable to conservatives.

By all normal political logic, Perry’s humiliating fifth-place showing in Iowa should have been the end of his campaign, but his staff and consultants insisted that he had to keep going, if only to give them a chance to spend the rest of the millions in campaign cash he’d collected. Yet they have refined the avoidance of blame to a high art, so I’m sure when all is said and done, Dave Carney and his (well-compensated) friends will lay all the blame for their failures on some convenient scapegoat.

But this is depressing me, and I don’t want to be depressed. What I want is for people to wake the hell up and start thinking for themselves, and realize that trends in human affairs are never really inevitable. The actions of individuals make a difference, and if you have the courage to stand up and speak out, you can make trends happen, rather than always being the victim of somebody else’s trend.

That’s why I like Rick Santorum: He’s the guy who says you don’t have to vote for Romney just because somebody told you Romney’s “electable”

All the noise from all these pundits won’t amount to a hill of beans, if the people of South Carolina decide to take a stand and tell the pundits to go straight to hell. Join the fight — and fear the vest!

Campaign-Induced Tourette’s Syndrome

‘The Phantom Menace’ in Des Moines, Iowa, Aug. 9, 2011

“Perry’s decision to make his announcement in South Carolina was widely viewed at the time as a genius move that would lock down his support in a crucial early primary state, and once he emerged as the most viable conservative alternative to Mitt Romney, Perry would have no trouble making up whatever he’d lost in Iowa by dissing Ames.
“Such was the conventional wisdom in August . . .”

— Robert Stacy McCain, Oct. 17, 2011

“There could be some populist cred for Perry if big donors tied to Wall Street start leaving him, but that’s a big trade-off for the funding Perry desperately needs in South Carolina. If he can’t put ads on the air and compete with Romney, Santorum, and Gingrich, then Perry won’t go anywhere in his last-gasp effort to stay in the race. He’s already at the bottom of the pack in the latest Insider Advantage poll, at 5%. Even Jon Huntsman scores better than Perry in South Carolina, at 7%.”
— Ed Morrissey, Jan. 12, 2012

“Oops he did it again. When asked to name and provide the number of federal departments he’d eliminate as president, Texas Gov. Rick Perry managed to list three, but they weren’t the three agencies he consistently names on the stump or that he attempted to name when he committed his now infamous ‘oops’ moment.”
— ABC News, Jan. 13, 2012

“Mitt Romney still holds first place in the South Carolina Primary field, while his opponents jockey for second with the voting eight days away.”
— Rasmussen Reports, Jan. 13, 2012

While I was in New Hampshire, I occasionally startled my hosts with outbursts of profanity, cussing my way toward deadline. It’s my theory that unless you thoroughly cuss out your computer once in a while, the damned things become arrogant. So I’d be sitting there in Mike Rogers’s kitchen, frustrated by the effort of trying to upload a video, and suddenly erupt in a fit of vulgar shouting at my laptop.

But it’s not just the computer that’s testing my patience these days. It’s also the campaign itself. Because I see a widespread confusion prevailing among conservatives that has been generated by the same bandwagon-jumpers who, in August, kept telling us that the Mighty Rick Perry Juggernaut was going to roll all the way to Tampa and then on to the White House.

The Perry myth — “Howdy, Thank You, Erick“ — has gone through several permutations in the months since Perry’s debate disasters torpedoed his poll numbers. But the myth has enjoyed a zombie afterlife in the form of a phrase that the Perrybots made ubiquitous back in the heyday of the Smilin’ Texan’s frontrunner glory:

“A Vote for [Blank] Is a Vote for Romney”

You could fill in the blank with any name — Herman Cain, Michele Bachmann, Newt Gingrich, whoever — and it didn’t matter to the stooges and shills who were riding aboard the Mighty Rick Perry Juggernaut. Their peculiar variation on the Bandwagon Fallacy involved not merely the hyping of Perry as The Only Man Who Could Beat Romney™, but also the orchestrated derogation of any other “Not Romney” candidate.

Ergo, supporters of all other Republicans were dismissed as hopelessly naive: “Don’t you know that a vote for [your candidate] is a vote for Romney?” Continue reading Campaign-Induced Tourette’s Syndrome →

Governor Zombie Stumbles Relentlessly Toward Humiliation in South Carolina UPDATE: Rush Limbaugh Compares Perry ‘Vulture’ Attack to Fidel Castro

While I was in Iowa, a source told me that suspicions about Rick Perry’s weak debate performances being caused by back pain — which I had first reported Sept. 23 — were essentially correct. At one point, said the source, the governor had been prescribed oxycontin for the pain, but when his advisers realized that this was causing problems, his medication was changed. Of course, as anyone familiar with such things can tell you, changing medications can be a tricky business, sometimes involving bad side-effects, and it is possible that continuing medication-related problems explain some of the bad judgments and mental lapses Perry has exhibited in recent months.

I didn’t make a big deal of what my source told me in Iowa because it was difficult to explain the circumstances that lent credibility to his information without identifying either him or his source. And it wasn’t until I got to New Hampshire that, when I mentioned this to other journalists, several of them said to me, “Yeah, everybody knows that.”

But nobody’s reporting it, of course, because you can’t prove it, and it’s not as if the Perry’s campaign staff is going confirm that, yeah, the governor’s gobbling all kinds of pills every day, just to be able to endure the physical and emotional rigors of showing up at events and saying the stupid things he keeps saying:

“Listen, I love capitalism,” Mr. Perry said at a campaign stop at Duke’s Bar-b-q in Orangeburg, S.C., but “this corrupt and fraudulent activity in Washington, D.C. — between them and Wall Street — has got to stop.”
Mr. Perry stopped short of explicitly criticizing rival Mitt Romney and his business record at Bain Capital. But he highlighted workers at factories in South Carolina where Bain had cut jobs during Mr. Romney’s tenure. . . .
“My whole concern about Wall Street is the Republican Party should be about creating jobs, not creating instant wealth,” Mr. Perry said at a stop at a Lizard’s Thicket restaurant in Blythewood.

After calling Romney a “vulture capitalist” the other day, now Perry is unwilling to criticize Romney by name? Listen to Perry’s interview with Laura Ingraham:

Ingraham: You know I am going to raise the issue of Texans for Public Justice, their analysis of your campaign contributions since 2000 you have received more than $7 million from private equity firms and private investment firms.  Are any of those “vulture” firms?
Perry: Listen, I didn’t paint with a broad brush and say that every private equity firm out there is…
Ingraham: Only Romney’s are vultures? None of your guys, only Romney’s?
Perry: Look, Romney is running for president.
Ingraham: Yeah, you are running for president too and you have benefitted from these firms.
Perry: Correct, and I don’t have a problem with that.

On MSNBC’s “Morning Joe” today, Joe Scarborough said Perry “sounds like a stoned NYU grad student in Zuccotti Park.”

It’s a zombie campaign at this point: Dead, but undead, the former frontrunner shuffling onward in a bizarre ritual simulacrum of campaigning for president.

UPDATE: Perry is sixth in the latest South Carolina poll by Insider Advantage, and also sixth in the latest Florida poll by Rasmussen. Maybe Erick Erickson can explain what purpose is served by Perry’s continued candidacy, other than spending the rest of the millions the Perry campaign collected in August and early September, before the wheels fell off that bandwagon.

UPDATE II: If Perry’s lost Rush Limbaugh . . .

After Perry described rival Mitt Romney’s work at Bain Capital as “vulture capitalism” (rather than venture capitalism), Limbaugh lashed out.
“That is indefensible!” he said on his EIB broadcast [Wednesday]. “It’s absurd…this is the language of leftists! This is the way Fidel Castro thinks, or says he thinks.”As you probably know, Limbaugh is no fan of Romney, whom he views as a flip-flopper and a closet moderate. He says he’s irked because Perry and others are going after Romney on “the one thing he’s actually pretty clearly conservative about.” He directed his ire at both Perry and former House Speaker Newt Gingrich.
“The attacks that they’ve mounted on Romney are indefensible,” Limbaugh said.

Stupid attacks like Perry’s are probably actually helping Romney.

Rick Santorum Adds Staff, Offices, Money and Key Endorsement in South Carolina

Rick Santorum brought his surge to South Carolina yesterday:

Rick Santorum’s presidential campaign announced yesterday that it was opening “five new campaign offices to supplement its existing South Carolina headquarters in Mt. Pleasant, SC.” The new offices are in Greenville, Myrtle Beach, Spartanburg, Rock Hill and Columbia.
“We feel very confident … that the voters are going to end up coalescing around Rick Santorum, and I think that South Carolina is a good place to start that,” his campaign manager, Mike Biundo, told reporters Tuesday night in New Hampshire.
Biundo said Santorum’s campaign in the Palmetto State will benefit from the addition of the staff that helped the former Pennsylvania senator come within eight votes of beating Mitt Romney in Iowa.
“We took all our Iowa staff that wanted to go down,” Biundo told reporters. “We feel very good about our operation in South Carolina. I think we’re going to do very well there. … We’re already up with ads. We’ve gotten a mail piece out. … We’re gonna go everywhere on the ground. We’re obviously gonna put a lot more money into media than we did [in New Hampshire], certainly more than we did in Iowa, as well. … I think we have about a million dollars committed [to advertise in South Carolina] between what we’re putting in and what we’re gonna put in. So I feel pretty good about that now and we’ll be adding more and reassessing as things go along.”

Those quotes are based on a press “gaggle” with Biundo that I got on video Tuesday night but didn’t have time to post until now:


In other Santorum news, he announced 169 “county captains” in South Carolina and announced this morning that Santorum had won the endorsement of South Carolina state Rep. Greg Delleny, who was named the state’s “Pro-Life Legislator of the Year” in 2008, and recognized as “Legislator of the Year” in 2007 by the Palmetto Family Council.

Ed Morrissey is analyzing the latest Florida poll, but that’s getting way ahead of the game. The key point here is that while there was only a week between Iowa (Jan. 3) and New Hampshire (Jan. 10), there is an 11-day interval between New Hampshire the South Carolina primary Saturday, Jan. 21, then 10 days before the Florida primary on Tuesday, Jan. 31. We’ll have two debates in South Carolina (Monday on Fox and Thursday on CNN), and a lot more polls between now and Jan. 21.

So if Santorum can get his mojo working in South Carolina, he’ll have a chance to turn a good performance there into money and momentum in Florida. I strongly suspect that South Carolina will be the end for Rick Perry and I heard a rumor yesterday that if Santorum out-performs Gingrich in South Carolina, Newt might quit and endorse Santorum, with the hope of rallying conservatives in Florida to stop Romney.

Today I’m back home, quite literally blogging in my pajamas and trying to rest up before going back out on the campaign trail. My current plan is to leave early Sunday, although this plan is to a great degree dependent on tip-jar hitters. So if you’re feeling an urge to contribute $10 or $20 to the Shoe Leather Fund — hey, don’t fight the feeling!

Rick Santorum Distances Himself From Newt’s Lefty ‘Hit Job’ on Mitt Romney

Newt Gingrich’s “super PAC” has unleashed its 27-minute documentary about Bain Capital, When Mitt Romney Came to Town, which a Daily Kos blogger calls a “hit job” that “you’d expect from a lefty operation.” It’s as if Newt hired Michael Moore. Avowed lefty Steve Benen calls it “devastating”:

Desperate to gain some traction in South Carolina, Rick Perry has joined in on this weird left-wing beatdown of Romney. The fact that the latest South Carolina poll shows him in sixth place — behind Jon Huntsman, in what was supposed to be Perry’s “firewall” state — perhaps explains Perry’s willingness to engage in an “Occupy”-style attack on free-market capitalism. Rick Santorum refuses to go down that road:

“It’s this hostile rhetoric, which unfortunately – I don’t want to stand here and be a defender of Mitt Romney, but unfortunately even some in our party now, even some running for president will engage in with respect to capitalism,” Santorum said to a town hall of nearly 200 people. “It is bad enough for Barack Obama to blame folks in business for causing problems in this country. It’s one other thing for Republicans to join him.” . . .
Even when prodded by reporters to take a shot, Santorum instead has only said he believes in the economic model that allows people to be successful.
However, that does not mean Santorum has shied away from taking jabs at Romney. The candidate trying to portray himself as the only true conservative in the race has elected to use Romney’s record as a governor, not a businessman, to go on the offensive.
“The other side is going to look at my record and look at Gov. Romney’s record on health care and say, ‘You want to attack me on health care? Who are you to attack me on something that I used your plan to build my health care method?'” said Santorum. “He’s taking away the biggest issue that we have in this election.”

Good on ya, Rick. The problem with attacking “vulture capitalism” (to use Perry’s rhetoric), is that shutting down inefficent and unprofitable segments of a company’s business is essential to maintaining economic viability. Romney did some stupid things at Bain Capital — e.g., his crony capitalist moves in the “My Twinn” debacle — which are subject to criticism. But closing down inefficient operations in an effort to turn around companies that were teetering on the brink of bankruptcy is just the way business works. Perry’s rhetorical appeal to economic ignorance is backfiring disastrously in South Carolina:

BLYTHEWOOD, S.C. (AP) — Presidential candidate Rick Perry’s criticism of Mitt Romney’s business past has cost him the support of a prominent South Carolina Republican.
Investment fund executive and top GOP donor Barry Wynn told The Associated Press Thursday that he’s leaving the Perry fold to endorse Romney. Wynn says he was irritated by Perry’s attacks on Romney’s time at the helm of the private equity firm Bain Capital.
As Wynn put it, “It’s like fingernails on the chalkboard.”

Isn’t it time somebody stuck a fork in the Perry campaign?

UPDATE: Linked by Protein Wisdom, The Rhetorican, Wake Up America and The Lonely Conservative — thanks!

Rick Perry Has Replaced Jon Huntsman in the Coveted ‘Gov. Asterisk’ Position

Marginal poll numbers, yet deemed debate-worthy:

According to CNN’s criteria for inclusion, a candidate must get at least 4th place in either Iowa or New Hampshire, or get 7% support in at least three national Republican or three South Carolina primary polls released in January. The requirements were posted online last Tuesday afternoon, several hours before the Iowa caucuses began later that night.
Perry came in fifth place in Iowa, and sixth in New Hampshire. And currently, his national and South Carolina poll numbers do not show him meeting that threshold, either.

Never mind, says CNN, they’re including Perry anyway.

Because to do otherwise would be . . . well, heartless.

Desperate Hours in the Hawkeye State

JOHNSTON, Iowa
Republican voters are getting bombarded with robocalls all over Iowa. Last night, I talked to the night clerk at my hotel here. She’s a mother of three and a Republican, an undecided voter who isn’t even sure she’ll attend her precinct caucus tonight in Grimes. She told me she’s getting calls at home nearly every 30 minutes.

Some of these robocalls are nothing but flat-out lies. There are calls claiming that Rick Santorum isn’t pro-life and isn’t pro-Second Amendment when, in fact, he’s a famously staunch pro-lifer and has an A+ career rating from the National Rifle Association.

Of course, I suspect that Rick Perry’s campaign is behind this. And whether my suspicion is right or wrong, the Perry campaign is a lamentable joke here in Iowa. I’ve been talking to experienced Iowa Republicans during my travels the past week, and experienced observers are united in the opinion that Perry has wasted millions of dollars on a campaign that has done him more harm than good. 

The campaign I dubbed “The Phantom Menace” in August has been an even more wretched disaster than I predicted. According to Nate Silver’s final pre-caucus poll analysis, Perry will be lucky to get 10 percent in the Hawkeye State. A fourth- or fifth-place finish here would, by the normal calculus of politics, cause Perry to quit. But if he did quit, his campaign advisers and consultants would be out of work, so they have convinced him to keep going. And even though they have apparently come to grips with the fact that they’re going to get their asses handed to them in Iowa tonight, they’re still flooding the airwaves with TV ads and pestering people with robocalls.

As I’ve said, if desperation was a cologne fragrance, they’d reek of it. 

Those who have supported Perry should be furious at how they’ve been humiliated, outraged by the arrogant incompetence of Perry’s staff and (ridiculously overpaid) campaign consultants.

And isn’t it time that some people started re-assessing the potential for Rick Santorum to turn a strong showing in Iowa into a campaign that can defeat Mitt Romney for the GOP nomination? Continue reading Desperate Hours in the Hawkeye State →